Public Attitudes on Implicit Bias


Cambridge University Press has published The Cambridge Handbook of Implicit Bias and Racism, including a chapter, “Public Attitudes on Implicit Bias,” by Yulia Baskakova, Gary Langer and Allison De Jong of Langer Research Associates and Prof. Jon Krosnick of Stanford University. The chapter, reporting on a representative, probability-based national survey, as well as a review of public claims and policies on the topic, finds “significant disconnects between the state of the science, public pronouncements, and the public’s understanding of implicit bias.” We identify widespread claims in the public realm that implicit bias can be measured reliably, influences behavior and can be mitigated through training, and substantial public acceptance of these claims – all matters on which the scientific evidence is inconclusive.

The survey data and other materials relating to the chapter are publicly available at https://bias-study.parc.us.com. We’re grateful to SSRS for donating data collection services.

The Importance of Probability-Based Sampling Methods for Drawing Valid Inferences


Gary Langer authored two chapters in The Palgrave Handbook of Survey Research discussing the history of probability-based sampling in survey research and its importance in drawing valid inferences.

In the first chapter, Langer cites extensive research that finds non-probability samples, including increasingly common opt-in online panels, are less accurate and less consistent in their level of accuracy than probability sample surveys. The latter chapter expands on this research in greater detail and calls for full disclosure and honest assessment of emerging techniques, including further study of appropriate as well as inappropriate uses of convenience sample data.